Soil acidification

Harm:

In most vegetable areas and fruit tree areas, there is a phenomenon of long-term and large-scale irrational application of chemical fertilizers. Each crop has its own suitable soil pH range, and most crops are suitable for slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil. After the soil becomes acidified, it affects the growth of crops. To a certain extent, nothing will grow and no matter how much fertilizer is applied, it will be ineffective. There is still a phosphorus deficiency after phosphorus application, and a potassium deficiency after potassium application. After soil acidification, the effectiveness of fertilizers is affected. When the pH value is 6-8, the content of available nitrogen in the soil is the highest. When the pH is less than 6.5, the phosphorus in the soil turns into iron aluminum phosphate and solidifies. When the pH is less than 6.0, the content of available potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the soil decreases sharply, and no matter how much potassium fertilizer is used, it is ineffective. It can only cause soil salinization to intensify. Soil acidification not only affects the availability of macroelements, but also affects the availability of trace elements. Boron is in the pH range of 4.7-6.7, and molybdenum is in the pH range of 4-8. As the pH value decreases, the effectiveness decreases. Toxic substances in the soil are toxic to crops. After soil acidification, aluminum ions and other substances in the soil poison and kill crop roots, often forming black and white brush-like roots. At the same time, the long-term use of base fertilizer and chemical fertilizers in the soil, and the use of large amounts of top dressing, have seriously damaged the soil aggregate structure, reduced air permeability, reduced aerobic microbial activity, and slow soil maturation, resulting in soil acidification and hardening. The harm caused by acidified soil compaction to plants is firstly that it is difficult for roots to penetrate deeply, resulting in slow crop growth and reduced yields; secondly, even if roots are able to penetrate deeply, root retting will occur due to low soil oxygen content.

Solution:

For plots with severe acidification, agricultural potassium carbonate can be used to serve multiple purposes. Agricultural potassium carbonate is alkaline, contains more potassium, and also contains more medium and trace elements. It can regulate soil pH and supplement potassium, and can neutralize soil acidity. Agricultural potassium carbonate is a fast-acting alkaline fertilizer containing 30%-35% calcium oxide. It is applied in acidic soil to increase the calcium content in the soil, neutralize the acidity of the soil, restore the good structure of the soil, and is beneficial to the growth and development of crops. Increase ground temperature. Agricultural potassium carbonate is an alkaline thermal fertilizer. Agricultural potassium carbonate can improve the physical and chemical structure of the soil, significantly increase soil temperature, promote the growth of seedling root systems, and reduce the occurrence of root retting caused by low temperature. Plant ash can also maintain the acid-base balance and potassium balance of the soil. Calcium bicarbonate (white ash) 100-150 kilograms per acre can also adjust the acid-base balance of the soil.

Increased salinization

Harm:

Soil salinization means that after long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers, salt ions in the soil increase, which prevents the normal water absorption of plant roots, thus affecting plant growth. In severe cases, the plants will be like being planted in salt water, causing the roots to die. Soil salt damage varies in severity. In the initial stage, there will be clear frost on the ground and then develops into green-skinned "moss", and the plants can still be normal; in moderate cases, many lumps of red gelatin will appear on the ground, which will turn into "red frost" after drying. In the middle stage of plant growth, spots of wilting will appear; when the soil salt is too heavy, white crystal "salt frost" will appear on the ground. After the plant is transplanted, the root system will be very few, and the dead seedlings will become more serious in the later stage.

Solution:

At present, the best way to solve soil hardening and salinization is to use compound microbial inoculants to improve the soil's aggregate structure, make the soil loose and breathable, promote plant roots to penetrate deeply, and ensure the absorption of nutrients and water by plants.

Soil flora imbalance

Hazards:

Some of the biological bacteria in the soil are beneficial bacteria, which play a relatively good role in the soil and improve the environment for root growth; some bacteria are harmful bacteria, which can cause many soil-borne diseases and cause dead rice seedlings, Dead seedlings. As the planting time prolongs, the number of harmful bacteria in the soil increases, while the beneficial bacteria cannot be replenished, which leads to an imbalance of soil flora.

Solution:

To solve the problem of soil flora imbalance, it is not feasible to use fungicides alone to kill the bacteria in the soil. Fungicides kill both beneficial and harmful bacteria, making the soil microbial flora unbalanced. ; We can only find ways to replenish the number of beneficial bacteria in the soil so that the beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria in the soil can reach a balance again, so that the growth of plants will not be affected.

Trace element deficiencies

Harm:

Plants absorb mineral nutrients from the soil in different ways, gradually reducing soil nutrients. Continuous planting will cause the soil to lack medium and trace elements. In order to maintain soil fertility, the mineral nutrients and nitrogen taken away by the plants must be used for fertilization. Otherwise, the continuous cultivation of plants will inevitably cause the loss of soil nutrients, which will make the soil trace elements very poor, reduce the yield, and degrade the quality of agricultural products.

solution:

1. To supplement trace elements, you must first choose the right product, secondly, choose the time of use, and thirdly, master the dosage. Apply together with organic fertilizer.

2. Apply fertilizers containing iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum and other trace elements, combined with microbial fertilizers, to supplement various elements, solve various deficiencies, balance the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by plants, and change Agricultural product quality.

3. Foliar spraying: Foliar spraying of trace elements is suitable for physiological diseases with mild deficiency diseases, and in order to ensure its absorption rate, micro-fertilizers with better chelated state should be selected.